静定平面刚架剪力图和弯矩图画法研究

针对静定平面刚架剪力图和弯矩图常用绘制方法,如方程式法、简捷法及叠加法等,存在计算量大、比较抽象、易于出错等缺点,根据荷载、内力之间的微分、积分关系,分析荷载形式、大小与剪力图、弯矩图的曲线形状、数值之间的关系,编制了剪力图和弯矩图的绘制口诀,据此,做到直观、快速、准确绘制静定平面刚架的剪力图和弯矩图。     

Thermodynamic assessment of Fe–Ti–S ternary phase diagram

A thermodynamic analysis of the Fe-Ti-S ternary system was performed by incorporating first-principles calculations into the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) method. To evaluate the Gibbs energy, the Debye-Grüneisen model was applied for some sulfides of the Ti-S binary system. In addition, the cluster expansion and cluster variation methods were used for the solid solution phases in the Ti-S binary and (Fe,Ti)S phases. The calculated Ti-S binary phase diagram showed good agreement with the experimental results. The very low solubility of the Ti solid solution in the Ti-S system, as reported by Murray, agreed well with our calculated results. A binodal phase decomposition of the liquid phase was expected in the S-rich region. The Gibbs energy curve of (Fe,Ti)S between FeS and TiS was found to be convex downward. This is characteristic of an isomorphic solid solution, attributed to the attractive interaction between Fe and Ti in (Fe,Ti)S. The vertical phase diagram between FeS and TiS, obtained using the thermodynamic database, was in good agreement with the experimental results of Mitsui et al. The solubility products of (Fe,Ti)S have been experimentally estimated previously. The calculated solubility product agreed with the experimental value of TiS.     

Reservoir volume optimization and performance evaluation of rooftop catchment systems in arid regions: A case study of Birjand,Iran

This study evaluated the performance of rooftop catchment systems in securing non-potable water supply in Birjand, located in an arid area in southeastern Iran. The rooftop catchment systems at seven study sites of different residential buildings were simulated for dry, normal, and wet water years, using 31-year rainfall records. The trial and error approach and mass diagram method were employed to optimize the volume of reservoirs in five different operation scenarios. Results showed that, during the dry water year from 2000 to 2001, for reservoirs with volumes of 200–20000 L, the proportion of days that could be secured for non-portable water supply was on average computed to be 16.4%–32.6% across all study sites. During the normal water year from 2009 to 2010 and the wet water year from 1995 to 1996, for reservoirs with volumes of 200–20000 L, the proportions were 20.8%–69.6% and 26.8%–80.3%, respectively. Therefore, a rooftop catchment system showed a high potential to meet a significant portion of non-potable water demand in the Birjand climatic region. Reservoir volume optimization using the mass diagram method produced results consistent with those obtained with the trial and error approach, except at sites #1, #2, and #5. At these sites, the trial and error approach performed better than the mass diagram method due to relatively high water consumption. It is concluded that the rooftop catchment system is applicable under the same climatic conditions as the study area, and it can be used as a drought mitigation strategy as well.     

龟形图与测量设备计量确认

介绍了龟形图的内容和作用,阐述了测量设备计量确认过程龟形图的建立和完善测量设备计量确认工作管理的做法。     

Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of novel soluble porphyrazines bearing unsaturated functional groups

Metalloporphyrazines with a 2-methyl-2-pentenyl group fused to each pyrrole unit were synthesized starting with the corresponding unsaturated dicarbonitrile derivative. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis together with FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy and via voltammetric and spectrochemical methods. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements demonstrate that while metal-free and magnesium porphyrazines gave common porphyrazine (Pz) ring-based electron-transfer reactions, incorporating redox active metal center, Co^II, into the porphyrazine core extended the redox activity of the ring system with reversible metal-based reduction and oxidation couples of the metal center in addition to the common Pz ring-based electron transfer processes. The unsaturated functional groups of the porphyrazines did not alter the common electrochemical behavior of the complexes. An in situ electrocolorimetric method, based on the 1931 CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage) system of colorimetry, was applied to investigate the color of the electro-generated anionic and cationic forms of the complexes for possible electrochromatic applications.     

Experimental study of the solid-liquid phase equilibria at the Si-rich region of the Cr-Nb-Si system

High temperatures solid-liquid equilibria in the Cr-Nb-Si system are poorly known in the Si-rich area (>20% at Si). In this study, twenty-two as-cast samples were prepared and fully characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and quantitative energy dispersive spectrometry. Obtained results lead us to propose a new schematic layout of the liquidus projection of this system.     

Identification of optically clear regions of ternary polymer blends using a novel rapid screening method

The application of a rapid screening method for the construction of ternary phase diagrams is described for the first time, providing detailed visualization of phase boundaries in solvent‐mediated blends. Our new approach rapidly identifies ternary blend compositions that afford optically clear materials, useful for applications where transparent films are necessary. The use of 96‐well plates and a scanning plate reader has enabled rapid optical characterization to be carried out by transmission spectrophotometry (450 nm), whilst the nature and extent of crystallinity was examined subsequently by wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The moderating effect of cellulose acetate butyrate can be visualized as driving the position of the phase boundaries in poly(l ‐lactic acid)/polycaprolactone (PLLA/PCL) blends. More surprisingly, the boundaries are critically dependent on the molecular weight of the crystallizable PLLA and PCL, with higher molecular weight polymers leading to blends with reduced phase separation. On the other hand, the propensity to crystallize was more evident in shorter chains. WAXS provides a convenient way of characterizing the contribution of the individual blend components to the crystalline regions across the range of blend compositions.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

强磁选矿机PLC程序设计

介绍了强磁选矿机的结构与原理以及强磁选矿机控制的具体要求,并根据要求编写了PLC的流程图和控制程序.     

First-principles derived complexion diagrams for phase boundaries in doped cemented carbides

This article reviews a method for calculating an equilibrium interfacial phase diagram depicting regions of stability for different interface structures as function of temperature and chemical potentials. Density functional theory (DFT) is used for interfacial energies, Monte Carlo simulations together with cluster expansions based on DFT results for obtaining configurational free energies, and CALPHAD-type modeling for describing the thermodynamic properties of the adjoining bulk phases. An explicit case, vanadium doped cemented carbides, is chosen to illustrate the progress in the research field and the interfacial diagram, a complexion diagram, for the phase boundary WC(0 0 0 1)/Co is constructed as function of temperature and chemical potentials.